äİ ̴
/̶
(ѱǰȸ, 2001)
1. Ӹ
2. ä ȣ е
1) ǰ
2) ü ǰ ȯ湮
3. ̴
1)
2) а
3) ڿ Ͱ ġ
4. ä ǹ:
1) () ̷е
2)
5. : ̴ϽƮ äؾ ϴ°?
1. Ӹ
̿ äĿ ½ þ ִ. 98 Ż äĵȣȸ ȰȭDZ Ͽ ȣȸ ܳ äĽĴ鵵 þ ִ. ŽĿ ä ϴ ۵ ɽġ ʰ Ÿ.
ʹ ä ַ ϴ Ĺȭ ̾ ѱ ä̶ コ ְ, ̹ ʹ ȭ ĻȰ ȭǾ ִ. δ ̰ нƮǪ ַ Ѵ.
Ӹ ƴ϶ ä ϰڴٰ غ ̶ ˰ äϱⰡ Ұ Ȳ̱ ϴ. , , , , ġ, ϳ Ⱑ ҷ̳ ̴.
ٽô, , ڿ Ʈ, , ߸ 濡 ִ. Һ 17 2.5 þٴ ̸ ش.
캴 ĵ Һ پ Լ Ÿ 츮 Һ پٰ Ѵ. ̷ ƶ ӿ äĿ Ÿμ ȴ.
ä̶ Ȥ ǿ ̾߱Ϸ ľ Ѵ. ä Ŀ ȣ, Ǵ ǰ ȣ , ƴϸ ų صǴ ݸ鿡, Ƕ ϴ , , ع, ǿ ؼ ٷ ġ ̾ ٰ ̴.
̷е ġ 巯ν ڿ̰ Ϳ Ѵٰ Ƽ ȸ ´. , ڿ ΰ ٷ ȸ̰ ġ ̴.
, ̴ ڿ ΰ ָν ߽ǿ ΰ߽ǰ ϳ ü ־. ̺й ð ü иŰ ٴ뼺 ̱⸦ 䱸ϴµ, ̰ ̴ϽƮ ü ϴ ̱ ϴ. ̴ϽƮ ü ΰ ߰ ִ ٷ 輱 ڰ ʿ䰡 ִ.
ä̶ ȭδ ٵ ִ. δ ǰ, , ȸ(, ȯ) ְ, ٸ δ п ִ. ڰ ΰ߽ ̶ ڴ ΰ߽ɼ ŻϷ ̶ ִ.
ڰ ѷϰ е µ, ΰ ΰ ڿ иǾ ʱ ̴. ̴ ̷ ߿伺 νԿ ̺й з ̰ ƶ ǽ ϴ ư ִ.
ۿ ̴ äĿ ϴ ̰ ϸ, ̰ äĿȣ() а ٸ, ̰ ᱹ ̴ ü Ǹ ϰ Ѵ.
2. ä ȣ е
1) ǰ
äĿ ؿԴ. ұ Ͽ ϴ ƶ ä Ͽ ó ü ߿ äؾ߸ Թ ִ ü ִ.
ü鿡 ں ǰ ϶ ü Ǿ ִٴ νĿ ̸ ڰ ǿ ü ִ δ. ٰ þ ε ϳ Ǵ ߴٰ ϴµ ̵ ü äİ ҽ(ܽ) Ÿ.
ұ ȸ ȣϴ ָ ļ ƾ ȴٰ Ѵ. Ҹų ȸ ӵȴٰ ϴµ ֿ ο ƾ Ѵٰ ϰ پ Ⱓ þ.
ν øǴ Ⱓ Ұ 1-3, 3, 50 ̴. ݸ鿡 İ äҴ Ұ ðۿ ȵȴٰ Ѵ. ̸ Ĺ ȵ ٴ ûش.2)
ó Űп Ÿٰ ִ. ĵ Ư ӿ ϴµ(ǿ:1997; ֿö:1998), ̷ ϴ ӿ ĵ ٴ ̾߱Ⱑ ȴ.
츮 ΰ ڿ Ϻη ϴ ̾Դٰ ִµ, ߰ſ Ŀ Ͽ ֵ ̻ ϴ Ȱ ӿ ־. 뿡 ͼ 츮 ڿ ȭϿ ڿ ΰ ڿ Ұ Ǿ.
ڿ ӿ ̻ żԵ ٴ ȸ Ǿ. ä ȣ ̷ ߽, ΰ߽ ַ ǥȴ. Ͽ ǰ ϶ ſ, ü ǰ ⸦ ϶ ǰ, ڿ ո Ȱ ؼ Ĺȭ ϶ ȸ ǰ õǴ ̴.
2) ü ǰ ȯ湮
طӴٴ ַ ϴ ַ Ÿ. ΰ Ǵ Ȳ ǰ Һ Ͽ. ϰ κ Ͽ а迡 ħ Һ ϰ ǰϱ ̸.
ǰ طο 巯 ο õǾ ִ. ſʹ ᰡ ȯDZ ª ̸, 꼺 ʿ ε ǵ ϰ ִ ϴ ư ִ. Ͽ ó , , ȣ ̴.
ϰ Ǹ . ϴ T-ı ܴ ƴϴ.
, ѷ Ǯ Ұ Ծ ҵ 濡 DZ ִ. Ų ̹Ƿ ƴϰ ȴ.(̻:1996)
鿡 ܹ Ű Ÿ. ٰ ߿ ܹ Ѵ. ƹ Į 븦 ص ܹ 밡 Į 絵 ŭ ̴.
, ܹ Ἦ ʷѴ. Ϲ ܹ Ϸ ʼƹ̳ ε ܹ ܹ ȥϰ Ǹ ȣν Ŀ ʴ ܹ DZ ݵ ʿ䰡 ٰ Ѵ.(̻:1996; κ:1999)
ȯ ̴. ︲ä 縷ȭ Ű ̸ֿ ߽ ϰ ִ. , ̵ ϴ ź ³ȭ ̴.
1 輳 16 ̾ ̱ 輳 4谡 ȴ. ̱ Ǵ ü Һ ݿ شȴ. 1kg ϱ ؼ 1kg ʿ 100谡 ҸǸ 10谡 Ҹȴ.
ȸ 3 ƹ ɷִ. ҿ Ÿ Ǵ 1/3 Ծġ ̱ Ǵ 70% ̻ ̷ ȴ. ݸ鿡 ظ 3000 װ 8 ̻ α ¿ ִ.
3 κ Ḧ ϴ ̿ǰ ִ. ķ̳ ϴ εǴ ̴. 1970 ߾ӾƸī ü 2/3 ϰ Ǿ κ Ϲ̿ ҺǾ.
̱ ԵǴ ܹ ϳ ؼ 6ߵ ߰ Ǵ ̴. ֵ ٱ Ȯϸ鼭 κ ̿ϰ ִ.(ǪäĿ:2001)
ó ä ٶ ϰ Ǿ. ̷ ŵ ΰ ߽ɿ ä ڿ ϴ ΰԵ ϴٴ 뺯ϴ ͵̴.
ΰ ڿ ΰ̶ ΰ ġ ȯ桯 Ұ ϱ. ⸦ ʴ װ ΰ ǰ ̷ ʴٴ ãƾ ϴ ϱ. ǰ ϴ ϴٸ ٽ ٲ ϱ. ü ʿ䰡 ϱ.
3. ̴
1)
ÿ ĥ ȸ ٰ ̴. κ ε鵵 ѵι ġ ִ. ٷ Ź · ģ. ̳ ġ 鼭 ̰, ø .
ǽ Ⱑ Ѵٴ ȴٰ , ȭ ǹ̷θ ٰ , ü ü ļ · ϰ Ǿ ǰϸ鼭 Դ ̴. ֳϸ װͿ ü ƴ ٰ ̴.
κ Һڵ غ Ѵ. Ź ġ Ǵ ü Ѵ. ó 츮 Դ ſ ؿ İ Ÿ ִ.
ذ ְ ̻ 츮 ̿üμ ƴ϶ 꼺 ̾Ƴ ڿ ȭǰ ִ.
Ḧ ȯŰ ó ٷ, ȯ Ѵٸ ̶ äϷ ̴١(̾:176)
ɾ Ǵ ߾ ʷǴ 캸. ⼭ ̱ ʸ ߽ 캸ڴµ, 츮 ٸ 鵵 ְ ڷᰡ ϰ ũԴ ư ִٰ ص ̴.3)
ü ӹڵǴ ġ ʰ ̵ 쿡 ξ ǰϰ ڶ.
ų ص Ƽ Ƴ ߿ϱ (κ:184) ǰ ̵ ʴ´.
ߵ ǰ ƴ϶ Կ Ű 鿡 ִ ִ ΰ Ը شȭϴ ξ.(107) ̱ ټ 忡 ִ ߵ 90% ̻ ߾Ͽ ɷִٰ ߴ.(109) ټ Ű ˾翡 ô ִ(κ:156)
ױ Ϸ糪 Ʋ ڱ ȯ ʱ ָ ä Ʈ ϰ ų־, ۰ Ϻΰ ϴ սǷ .(175)4) ռ dz ӿ Ѵ. ȶѡ ּȭϱ и Ͼ̴.
忡 ص ȴ. ߵ 嵥 塯̶ ѹ ä ڷ Ƽ 츮 ӿ . ӿ Ʈ ൿ ϰ Ǵµ, ߵ θ ɾƴ ̱ ϰ ´.
ذϴ Ȯ ƴ϶ θ ڸ, ڸ ̴. ̷ ൿ ս ִ ۡ ൿ ؼ ̱ ̴.
ȭ 븦 ȭϴ ư ִµ Ư ƿ 밡 ȭǾ. ó Ҵ ſ 3 ̻ ſ 20-25̴ 4 ä ȴٰ Ѵ.
̵ ӽ̸, Ȱ ̾Ͼ Ű谡 µ, Ҵ ̻ ƴ϶ ʹ ϰ Ͽ Ծ Ǿ.(185) 絷 1 6 20 ̻ ÷Ȱ ִ.(140)
ߵ ¦ ˸ аߴٴ ƴ ̴. Ƶ Ӿ س ÿ Ӿ Żϰ ִ ̴.
аϱ ؼ дϱ , ٸ ʿ(?) ؼ ü ν ´. κ ̶ ִٴ ̰ 鿡 ִ ؼ , Ư ˷ . ֳϸ ΰ ʿ̶ ϱ ̴.
츮 ʴ غδϰ, ϰ, õǰ, ǰ, нǿ ־, Ÿ, غεǰ, óǰ, 缱 ̰, мǰ, ǰ, չ ܴϰ, Ŵϰ, ȸ ǰ, ߵǰ, ǵ ǰ ִ.
߿ Ϻθ ߿ ̹ ֵ ִ. а ɸа ̿ȴ. ̻ ̿Ǹ ȭǰ, Ǫ, Ŀ, ߿ ٸ ǰ 迡 ̿ǰ ִ.
Ͼ ִ 츮 ƴ ɰϰ ʴ 츮 ̴. Ϲ ȣڵ ´ٴ ʴ´. . ֳϸ ΰ Ѵٰ Ϸ ΰ 鰣 缺 ؾ ϱ ̴.(̾:89-90)
Ǿǰ 踶 츮 ǰ ų Ǵ ٰ Ѵ. ǰȸ 1971 1981 ̿ ŷ ǰ غ ο ǰ ġ ʿ亸ٴ ϰ ִٰ Ѵ.(109)
LD50(lethal dose 50 percent)̶ Ǵ װ Ǵ ´´. ̸ ɰ ɸ ݽ µ, ̷ ΰ ǰ οʹ ߵ ľϱ ̴.(110)
巹(Draize) ڱ 䳢 Ӹ ġ ѳ ǥ, Ǫ, ũ Ḧ ϴ ε, 3ֱ ӵ ִ ̷ 䳢 ش.
ϴ ǻ ָ ̴. ȸ ó ǻμ ߵ ع Ǿ ó濡 17 Ѵ ӻ ִ. 巹 ڷḦ Ͽ ó ó ó ǻ縦 .(116)
迡 ݴϴ Ϻ ȭǰ ȸ ߴϰ Ǿ <Science> ǻ ȵ ߰ ȣ 踦 ؼ Ӹ ƴ϶ , ε ٶ δ١ ߴ.
̱ 1983 Ǿ ִ 䳢 , ϸϾ, ô νļ ڱ ˷ ϴ ʿġ ʴٰ ǥߴ.(121-22)
ִ ڰ ʰ ִ ΰ ȭǴ ڿ Ƶ̴ ΰ߽ ̴. ̷ ΰ߽ǰ ȭ, Ÿȭϴ ߽ǿ Ѹ Ȯϱ ʴ.
2) а
д д پ Ǿ ִ. ù°, д Ǿ ̵ ظ , ڰ ̵ ϰ ϴ (ַ ֿϵ) ϰų ̴ Ȳ ϰ Ѵ. °, ϴ ϳ ̿ǰ Ѵ.
踦 ϴ 츦 Ѵ. °, ̵ дϰ Ǵ Ϳó, д µ Ư ģ. ̷ Ŀ ° ̾ ɼ Ѵ.(ƴ㽺,1994:146]
帣 踦 ϰ ִ. ⼭ ܼ Ͻõǰ ִٴ ִ ƴ϶, 鵵 ȯǰ ִٴ ǿ ִ.
縸(Elizabeth Spelman) ü(somatophobia) , , Ǹ 巯, 顯 ȣִ. ö뿡 Ÿ ȥ/ ̺й ȥ Һ ȭŲ.
뿡 () ־ ο Ǿ ƶ ӿ ص ִ. , , д κ 鿡Դ ȭǾ ִ.
Ա⡯(), , д װ ȭ Ƶ鿩 ֱ ȭǾ ִ. ̷ ȭ ü غϱ ؼ νķ(relational epistemology) 䱸ȴ.
ڴ κ µ ״ ׳ฦ Ѵٰ ϰ ־µ, ̸ ؼ ׳ ڱⰡ Ѵٰ ϸ鼭 ÿ ִٴ ǿ ؼ ڰϰ Ǿٰ Ѵ. (Adams, 1994:145-154) Ư ƿ ռ Ҵ.
, , ϴ ɿ 븦 شȭϴ ư ִ. , ߴ ΰƿ ̾鼭 ΰ ȭŰ ̸ ִ. νİ µ پ ƶ ӿ ص ʿ䰡 ִ.
â ѷ dz ϰ Ѵ. Ʒ Ǿ ִ ư մ ֵ ִ ̿ ° Ǿ ְų ִ. ̹ ִٴ ̰ , â 鵵 ȸΡ ̳ ̴.
â մԵ Ȥϰ ֵ, ȭ 鵵 ǰ , ǿ ִ. ε Ծֱ⸸ ٶ ִ ϴ. ϴ Ծ١ ǥϴ ڰ 缺 ش.
巯 Ῡ ̼Ҹ ٰŷ ׳ฦ ̿ϰ ϸ鼭 ϰ ִ. ̸ 쿡 ׳ฦ ϸ ȴ. й 翡 ۺν ˺θ ̴.
쿡 ̶ ǥ ֵ ؼ ϴ ü å ߿ ȸǵǴ ִٰ ִ. 츮 ߸ ϸ ٸ װ ؿԴ ̴١.(̾:373)
â , ʰ ʴ´. ⼭ ô 硯(absent referent)(Adams, 2000:2) Һ Ǹ ؼ ʿϴ.
Ῡ Ͽ ȸδ ̰, Һڴ ׳ ִ ȸ Ѵ. ⡯ ѳ ⵢ ȭŲ ̴.
⡯ ó ִ 翴ٴ ȴ. Ͽ, ϴ, װ ſ DZ װ ̾ ̴.(Adams, 1994:53)
Ʈ Ÿ ִ ڳ, ⸸ ִ ڳ , ɴ, , Ʈ ġ ó ְ Ǿִ.
ϴ ͼ Һڿ ̷ ȭ Һ Ǹ νĵǴ ó, ̶ Һ ͼ ü鿡 ڸ ȴ.
Ǵ ϴ 巯 ĥ ƴ϶, ̸鿡 ϴ ǿ ָν پ е ȭ ÿ Ǵ 巯 ʿ䰡 ִ. ̰ ȥ ̺ȭǰ ִ ڰϴ Ѵ.
â âడ ´ٴ ġ ȥ ⵢ ٴ ǹϴµ, ȥ ȥ ִٴ г ִ.
ٽ , ΰ ڿ( ȥ) ǰ ִ ̴. ô ڵ Ե ȥ . ô Ե ȥ ô ϴ.
ǰ ̸鿡 ִ Ѵٸ, 輱 ̵ ȯǴ ع Ѱ踦 ״ ϴ ̴. ij ƴ㽺 -ü(sex-species system) ̼ ϴ 踦 Ѵ.(Adams, 1995:176)
⸦ Դ ߿ ڱⰡ Ƽ, ڴٰ ̰ Į 踦 丮 ؼ ִ ʴ. ̷ ź õ ̵鿡 ͼӵǾԴ.
ſ ݵ ڽ Ž װ, ڱ ⸦ 鼭 پ ʾҴ. ó ϴ 뵿ڵ ǿ ظ ϰ ش.
ΰ ϴ , ӿ Ǵٸ 븦 ϰ ִ ̴. ÿ Ǵ ܵ - â, л, ε ֹ л, 뿹ȭ, Ÿ ܵ - 븦 ȭϴ ۿؿԴ.
3) ڿ Ͱ ġ
ܼ ȣ ȭ ٶ ͼ ִ ̶ ݱ ǿ źΰ ̴. ̴ п Ǹ л Ϻ Ȥ źΰ ƶ̴.
ֳϸ ڱ ڶ ϰ Ǿµ δ åӰ ̴. ʹ ڿ Ϻη յǾ ִ κп Ÿα⸦ ϱⰡ ڽ ϴ ȭǾ װ ʱ ̴.
ü Ư¡ װ ڿ ȣϿ θ ȭѴٴ ̰ ȭŴν ڿ شȭŲٴ ̴. ΰ ڽ ̱ ȭϰ ϴ ü ī ۿѴ. ij ƴ㽺 ̶ ȭ Ư¡ ش.(Adams, 1994:164)
(1) Ÿ Ұħ ħϰų ϴ Ѵ.
(2) ջ ó쳲 Ѵ.
(3) Ű Ϸ ϱ ī ´.
(4) ѡ Ÿ Ѵ.
(5) ȸ ݿ ģ.
(6) Һڷ Ͽ ǰԲ Ѵ.
Ǹ ϱ μ Ǹ ƴϵ, ΰ , ϱ , ޱ , Ÿ DZ ư ƴϴ.
ȭ ڰϱ ư . ü ⡯ Ҹ, ش ó ʰ ȴ. ̿Լ Ѵ ͵ 翬ϰ . , Ŀ ̹ 鿡 ؼ Ϲ ǹ ȣ ʴ´.
ġ ص Ǵ (Ῡ) ϴ ̵÷αó, δ TV ȣ ϴ ִ ̱ Ѵ. ¿ ڰ ʵ, ¿ ϴ ƴϴ.
ִ ⡯ չ ǽ ⸦ Ű Ѵ. ̰ Ұ ҽϴٰ ⸦ ȸڴٰ ϸ ܼҸ θ ̴.
ٴ ü Ÿڼ ؼ ϴ ü ȭؿԴ. /, ΰ/(ڿ), ̼/, / ̺й ȭϴ μ յǰ, ǿ Ǵ ΰ߽Ƕ Ʋ ӿ ȭǰ Ѵ. ΰ ŸȭŰ ̶ ȭؿ ̾.
ü谡 ߴ ä Ư ̵Ű ٺ . Ÿ ΰ̶ ԽŰ ۾ Ѱ迡 ٴٸ ۿ .
ֳϸ ܰ ϴ з ü Ӿ Ư Ǿڷ ϱ ̴.[̿ ؼ ̷г ùα ǵ .] Ư ް ִٸ ⼭ ư ޡϴ Ͽ ؼ ٺ Ⱑ ̷ ̴.
Ư ٸ ϰ ϴ ȭϱ ؼ ڿΡ ̿ ǰ ߴ. ڿ ü 簳ȭ 䱸ȴ. ڿ ΰ ȸ Ǵ ̴.
Ӵϰ ̸ ȸȰ ʴ /ڿ ص ƴ϶ ȸ صǾ Ѵ. 츮 Ͼ Ḧ Ƹ 츸 μ ڿ ص ƴ϶, ξ ä ã ٴϴ ܽ ΰ صǾ Ѵ.
Դ ٴ ̹ , ٵ ť ſ 米 ̶ Ѵ.(κ:120) , ڿ¿ ó õ ϰ, ڱ ڸ ̿ ʴ´ٰ Ѵ.(122)
ϴ ΰ ν ְǰ ̴. ̴ Ῡ ü ϴ ѳ ī ϴ.
ġ ̴١ ð ġ, , ʴ´. ڿ ѽѳ ̷ п Ѵ. ϴ , ϴ Ͱ õ ̽ ̴.
ﵵ ȭ ƶ ӿ ϵ, η ĵ̶ ϴ ͵ ġ ڿ ̴. ϴ ȸ δ ġ ڿ̰ Ұ õȴ.(Adams:1993)
ó ȸ ǰ Ǿ ִ. ϰ ұϰ ϴ° Ұ ε鿡 Ϸ Ѵ.
, ȭ ݷ ȯ ̶ Ű Ǿٴ ε ġä ϵ ִ ϰ ִ.(κ:32)
ʿ ǰ ڵ ͱ ż ġ еͱ Բ ϰ ִ ݸ, ٸ ʿ ȭ ǷῬ Һ , ġ α ν δ Ⲩ Ϸ ȵǴ ġڵ 幮幮 ִ.(35)
1984 ̱ δ л ϰ Ʈ ǥϿµ Ĵܿ ݷѰ ϼ ȯ 赵 ִٴ ̾.[76]
ұϰ κ , 谡 ſ ҽ ä ǰ ϱ ؼ ؾ߸ ϴ ˰ ִ. 帶 dz ȭ λ깰 ϴ ұ µ ȯ Ű ǰ ǸϿ ì ̵ ǵ ̴.(79)
Ư ǽļؿ ȴ.[ǽ ] ΰ() ϴ ո ̸鿡, ݼ 浿 ȭϱ (ΰ) ϴ ǵ鵵 ִ.
ǽļؿ, , ϴ° 츮 տ ɼ پ · ϰ ̴. ϴ ü踦 ؼ 鰣 ϴ Ѱ踦 ִٸ, ΰ ϴ ü踦 ؼ ΰ鰣 Ϸ Ѱ赵 ̴.
4. ä ǹ
ٸ ڿ Ǿ ϴ°? ڵ ä ؾ ϴ°? Ĺ ƴѰ? Ĺ ص Ǵ°? ̿Ͱ Ϸ 鿡 ϱ Ų ڵ 캸 .
1) () ȣ
[ع](1975)̶ ̾ ΰ ϰ ؾ ϴ ٰŷ ִ ɷ¡ .
簡 ٸ źϴ ڼ ȣ ִ . ϵ, ٸ - 뷫̳ ̷ ִٸ - ϰ 䱸Ѵ.
簡 ٸ, Ǵ ſ̳ ູ ٸ ű ؾ ٴ ƹ ͵ . Ͽ ()ɷ(limit of sentience) Ÿ Ϳ θ ǰϴ, 츮 ȣ ִ 谡 ȴ. ̳ ո ٸ Ư¡ 踦 ٴ ̶ ִ. ٸ Ǻλ ٸ Ư¡ ä ΰ?
ڵ ڽ Ϳ ū (ڽŵ Ͱ ٸ 浹 ) ΰ ִٴ 鿡 ϰ ִ. ڵ ڽ ν Ѵ.
̿ ϰ ڵ ΰ ٸ ū ɰص װ ش. 쿡 ü ̴.(44-45)
̾ ϸ ٸ 鳢 Ȯ ϴ Ұ, Ȯ ƴϸ, ΰ ħع ͺ ħع Ȯϰ Ŭ 쿡 ϴ Ϸ Ѵٰ ϴ 츮 Ļ縦 , н, ȣ, ٺ ȭ Ѿ ϰ , Ŀ, ƾ Ѵٰ Ѵ.(57)
ٸ Ĺ ʴ° ǹ ִ. ̾ ٴ ٰŷ , Űü Ư¡, ȭ 뼺 ߴµ, Ĺ ٴ Ͻϴ ߰ , ߾ Űü谡 , ϱ ʱ ִ ɷ ߴٰ ٰ Ѵ.
ٴ Ű ߰ߵȴٰ 츮 Ծ ϴٴ ʴ´. äĿ Ĺ ּ 10 ̻ ıϱ ̴.(394)
ּȭ ϴ ̾ ǿʹ ΰó 絵 Ǹ ü Ѵ. ȣϴ Ѱ谡 ִٰ µ, ֳϸ װ õ ȭϴ ̿ ֱ ̴.
̾ ϴ . Ȱ ϸ鼭 ٸ ϴ ϴ. ٸ Ѵٴ ü ϴ ƴ϶ ̴.
ּ ̿ ƹ ʿ ܵ鰣 ٺ ٸ 츦 ϱ ̿ ִ.
ϰ ϸ鼭 Ư ּ ´ٰ ν ȣ ִ.(Regan:1980) ü ü ſ ִȭ ַ ߵ Ѵٴ ̴.
ĭƮ ΰ ü μ ϸ Ǿ ȵȴ. ̼ɷ¿ ٰؼ ΰ ̷ Ǹ ü ֵȴ. ΰ (ü ) ؼ ص Ǵ ƴϴ.
ٸ ڳ Ǹ信 ڰ ִٴ ε, ΰ () ԵǾ ̴. ǿ ϸ μ ϴ ̸ ǹ ̴.
̼ɷ¿ ٰؼ ġ οϴ ĭƮʹ ü̾ Ѵ(be subject of a life) ϴµ ̰ 1 ̻ ȴ.(Donovan, 1993:170) Ѵٴ ƹ ̱ ⺻ ħϴ ȴ.
ٸ ü ȯڵ鿡 ϸ ̾ ó ü ٹ ü °踦 ְų ִٰ .
䳢 ȣ Ϻ ̰ ̰ ° ̻罽 Ͽ 帧 ʷ ̶ ̴.(Ѹ:277)
̿ Ǹ ⼭ ٷ ο δ äĿ ʴ´ٰ Ѵ. ̾ ٸ ٸ ϴ Ϳ ؼ ƾ Ѵٰ Ҵµ,(̾:379) Ǿ 罿 ϴ ڿ Ҹ Դ ΰ .
츮 äĵ ڰ ĵ θ Ͻ ʿ ̴. ڸ äڷ ٴ Ǵܿ 츮 äڰ ִٴ ̴.5)
, ΰ ä ϰ ȴٸ ൿ ϸ ϰų(Adams, 1994:115), ¶ų Żڿ ºٴ ȯ濡 ִٴ 嵵 ִ.(̾:379) ̰ ٸ ƴϴ. ó ع(?) ó 踦 ȭϴ ̵÷α ̴.
2)
ڵ äİ ȣϱ ǵ Ǵ Ǹ ϰ ִ°? ū ü ´ٰ ְڴ. ̾ , ĭƮ ǹ ߴٰ ִµ, ̰ ̼ δ 뿡 ִ ̴.
̵ ̷ ռ ϰ ϰ, ΰ 츦 Ͽ ϴ ַѴ. 뿡 ݴϴ ΰ ؼ ƴ϶, 鿡 (abuse) ü ̴.
¿ ݴϴ ΰ ° ؼ ƴϴ. ΰ ϴ ¿ ؼ ݴ븦 ϰ, ΰ ȣ µ ȣ Ѵٴ ִ ƴϴ.(Luke, 1992: 81-82)
ij 渮ǿ ȭ ķ ڵ鿡 ǵǾԴ. ü , ȣ νĵȴ. ̼ Ǻ ġμ ߽õǰ ü Ȳ ӿ ൿ űν Ÿڿ å ȴ.
ع ؼ ̼ ϴ Ϳ ū ʴ´. ߸ ǰ ۵ϴ ƴ϶, Ư Ư ϴ ϱ ̴.6)
̾ 鿡 ϵ ո س ΰ Ҵµ, ұϰ 밡 ӵǰ ִ° ָѴ.
ϴ ڵ ƴ϶, 巯 ϰ ϰ ܽŰ ϴ ġ鿡 ϴ ߿ϰ εȴ.(Luke, 1992:88) ִ ֱ , ϴ ӽŰ, η Ű, ϰ, ģ ó(Luke, 1992:100)ϴ ġ ѿԴ.
迡 ǥδ ϴ ʰ ̸鼭 ǻ ϴ س߸ ߴ ̴.(̾:106)
ä ȣϴ ̴ϽƮ Ǹ信 ̷ Ѱ踦 ´ٰ .
ù° ΰ ̺ 缺 . °, Ǹ̷ ϴ ϰ üε 鿩 ΰ ϴ 迡 ִ. ü Ѱ ΰȸ ̴ϽƮ ϴ ̱ ϴ.
°, Ǹ̷ ϰų Ѵ. ΰ ϱ ° 밡 ǰ ִٴ Ѵٸ ȣϱ п Ҷ ϴ ̴.
°, Ǹ̷̳ Ǵ ȭ ִ Ģ̳ ȭ ִ Ǵܿ ν ̰ Ǵ ִ.(Donovan&Adams, 1996 :14-15)
̷ Ӵ/ڳ, ȣ/ȯ κ Ǿ ΰ/ 迡 ϴٰ ִ. Ǵ Ǵ ̶ ϱ ư Ѵ , Ǹ̷а ϰ ִ.
ո ǥϰ ִ ̼ Ǵ Ǵ ڰ ϰ ִ. Ǹ ο ǰ ɸ ߴ ܿ 켱 ־.(16)
츮 ո Ǵ ִٰ ӿ ̹ Ǿ ִ. ϴ ŭ ոΡ ϰ ִ ̴.
̼ Ǵ ̱ ٴ õ ʿ䰡 ְ ̴ϽƮ Ϲ ߿伺 ؿԴ. ǹ̿ ϳ ڽ Ű ۾ Ǿ Ѵ. ⸦ Դ Ϳ ƹ ٰ , 湮ϸ鼭 Ǵ() ִ Ȯغ ͵ ǹ ̴.(Kheel, 1985:27)
ƶ ȭ ո Ǵ Ĺ ̴١ ݷ Ÿ. 亯 ־ ̴.
( , øǴ ) ּȭϱ ؼ ׳ ä ٶϴٴ 亯̳, Ĺ ڽ ִ ֱ 츮 Ĺ Ǹ ִٴ 亯 ִ.
̷ ܿ, 츮 ٹ ̻ Ǿ ̴. 츮 £ ϰ ڴ.
⸦ չȭڴ Ϻ ȸǿ ߴ ؼ ͳݻ ε巯 Ư¡ ϳ ִ. ݴ ȣ Ȯ Ϻθ ϸ ϰ ⸦ ⸦ ݴ ⸦ Դ ȭ ؼ ⸦ ٴ ° ־ٴ ̴.
, , 鼭 ٴ ߳ٴ . ΰ ξ Ư 迡 ְ ѹ ٵ ģ ְ ǻ ؿԴٴ Ǿ ִ.
ڽ ȭǾ ұϰ ̸ ϰ ִ.
̿Ͱ ϴ ϸ ¿ ٰ .
ü ϴ ⡯ ݴϴ ǥϱ ̸. ̴ ü ǰ , ü ü ģ ν ִ ִ ʶ ̴. Ģ߽ 츮 ȭ Ǿ ܸѴ.
̻(ideal) ع ɿ ؾ , ȭϴ ǹ̰ ִ ƴ ̴. ټ ϰ ҽ Ҽ ĵ ȴٴ ټ ڽ ̸ ش 鿡 ư.
Ĺ ̴١ ݷ ü Ų Ӹ ƴ϶, ϰ غ⸦ źϷ ǵ ϴ .
̷ ǵ ü дؼ ƿ DZ ϴµ, Ư Ϳ ؼ ڽ Ư ʿ並 Ű ϴ Ǵ ߸ ϴ Ȳ ǽ ؿ ܵDZ ̴.7)
Ϲ ϴٰ ൿ ϴ ̵鿡 ̳ ƴ϶, ڽ Ư ʿ並 κ ɼ öϰ ܽŲ ̴. ̷ ش ̴. ̰ ʷؾ߸ ϴ ʿ䡯 νļؿ ȭǴ ʿ䡯 ϴ 䱸ȴٰ ϰڴ.
äĿ Ǵ ٷ ̶ ʿ䡯 ϰ ϴ ̴. ̰ ¿ ǰ ƴϴ. ̹ Ļȸ 鿩 ü õ ؿ 뽺 õ ʿ䡯 ԵǴ غڴ ̴.
5. : ̴ϽƮ äؾ ϴ°?
ٸ ̴ϽƮ ä ؾ ϴ°? ̴ ü ûִ ٰ Ѵ. ȸ ̴ϽƮ ȥ ص Ǵ°? ̿Ͱ ùٸ ְ ؿ Ե ̶ Ѵ.
а ҿܿ ǽ ٷ Ư Ǿ ϴ. ùٸ ൿ õ ̰ ̴. äϸ鼭 ư ̵鿡Դ ڴ ǰ ִ.
ij ƴ㽺 ̴ϽƮ ӿ ä õϴ Ϳ ؿԴ.(Adams, 1993) ׳ 츮 ڿ̶ ϴ õ ġ ͵ ӿ ַ ߴ.
, ġ ̶͡ ̴ 巯 , Ȱ ο Թ ϱ ƴϴ. װ ÿ ġ ʴ´ٴ ǿ ν̱ ϰ, Ǿ ִٴ ڰ̱ ϴ.
Ͽ () ̱ , ؼ (ȭ) ġ ִ ̴. ä Ȱ Ѵٴ и ġ õ̴. ڰ ϴ ̰ 츮 ־ Ѵ.
شٴ ڱⰡ Ȥ Ѵٴ Ѵ. ̴ϽƮ ν ؾ ϵ, ϴ ؾ Ѵٴ ̴.
ùٸ ϴ ƴ϶ Ѵٰ ̴ Ѵٸ ġ ùٸ ̴.8)
̴ ƴ϶ Ѵ. ƴ϶ Ѵ. ̴ϽƮ ϴٴ ǡ ˾ұ ƴϴ. ǡ ϴ ƴ϶ ų信 âس ̱ ̴.
ġ ƴ϶ Ȱ Ϸ ü ̴. ϴ Ư . ̿ ν ̾ ʴ´.
, Ģ ܰ (injustice) ʴ´. ̳ ü ϴ ü鿡 ̼߽ ߡ 桯س ո ۾ ٸ ƴϾ. ϴ Ӹ ൿ ع. װ Թ Ǿ ̴.
Ƽ ų ó, 츮 ΰ ̺ ġӴٰ װ ո .(Kheel, 1985:31) 鿡 ġ ο ΰ ɷ̳ ť ؼ ƴ ̴.
츮 츮 ôߵ鿡 븦 ̴ äڰ ִ. , Ĺ, ȭ ִ. 븦 ִ° ؼ Ǵ ƴϴ. ٸ 輱 ȭ ְ ̸ (?) Ȯ ̴.
̴ ڿ Ȥ ϱ С ο ΰ ν ᱹ ΰ Ǿ ִ ־ٰ Ѵ. () и ƾ Ѵ.
, ϴ Ƴ ۾ ִ. ̴ϽƮ Ƴ Ͱ ̴.
() ü ν ٲ ֵ γ ִ ۾ ϰڴٴ ä Ҹ ̼ ȣϴ ۾ ġѴٸ, װ Ǵٸ ո Ű ع ִ.
̴̳ ع а ºϱ ƴ϶ ̵ 븦 ü ƴұ Ѵ. а 桯ϱ 鿡 ϴ ۾ ߿ϴٰ ϴµ, ٽ Ǿڵ Ӹ ƴ϶ ̵ ϴ 鿡 ؼ ϱⰡ ߿ϴٴ ̴.
ä ϴ äǴ ϴ ̿鿡 ̴ ̷ .9) , 鼭 п غ . η Կ 츮 ִٸ äǴ ȸ ̵ų ִ Ⱑ Ѵ.
⼭ ء ü иŰ ν ۿ ۿ ء س ʴ´ٴ Ѵ. ֳϸ ϴ ǿ ؾ ϱ ̴.
ǿ(1997). [Ű ٲ۴]. ż.
̻(1996). [̻ ǰ]. Ź.
κ, ̹()(1999). [, ǰ ġ ģ] 1, 2. Ƹ帮 ̵. (John Robbins. Diet for a New America. 1997)
ֿö(1998). [ ]. .
ǪѱäĿ(2001). [äĹ].(ȸ)
̾, 輺()(1999). [ع]. ΰ.
Ѹ(1997). [ȯ]. öа ǻ.
Adams, Carol J.(1993). "The Feminist Traffic in Animals". Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature. ed. by Greta Gaard. Temple University Press. Philadelphia.
_________________(1994). Neither Man nor Beast - Feminism and the Defense of Animals. Continuum. New York.
_________________(1995). "Caring about Suffering: A Feminist Exploration". in Donovan, Josephine & Carol J. Adams(1996). Beyond Animal Rights. A Feminist Caring Ethic for the Treatment of Animals. Continuum. New York.
________________(2000). The Sexual Politics of Meat(1990). Continuum. New York.
Curtin, Deane(1991). "Toward an Ecological Ethic of Care". Hypatia vol.6, no.1
Donovan, Josephine(1993). "Animal Rights and Feminist Theory". in Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature. ed. by Greta Gaard. Temple University Press. Philadelphia
Donovan, Josephine & Carol J. Adams(1996). Beyond Animal Rights. A Feminist Caring Ethic for the Treatment of Animals. Continuum. New York.
Gaard, Greta(ed)(1993). Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature. Temple University Press. Philadelphia
George, Kathryn Paxton(2000). Animal, Vegetable or Woman? A Feminist Critique of Ethical Vegetarianism. State University of New York Press. Albany.
Jaggar, Alison M., "Love and knowledge: Emotion in feminist epistemology", in Gender/Body/Knowledge: Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing(New Brunswick:Rutgers University Press, 1989)
Kheel, Marti(1985). "The Liberation of Nature: A Circular Affair". Environmental Ethics. vol.7, no.2
Luke, Brian(1992). "Justice, Caring, and Animal Liberation". in Donovan, Josephine & Carol J. Adams(1996). Beyond Animal Rights. A Feminist Caring Ethic for the Treatment of Animals. Continuum. New York.
Regan, Tom(1980). "Animal Rights, Human Wrongs". Environmmental Ethics, Summer, vol.2, no.2.
<ı>
迡 Ǹ鼭 ä ϱ ̸ 14 Ű ȶŲ ߴ Ǿ. ؼ ȶ簡 ȶ ƴ϶ ˰ Ǿ ΰ װͰ ϵ ٸ ٰ ٴ ˰ Ǿ. Ƴ ȶŰ ó ʹ . ƹ ļ ִ ̾ٸ ʾ ȶ硯 ϰ ȸ Թ κ ߱ ̴. ΰ߽ ΰԵ ̴. Ǿ ִ иŰ . Ÿ ķκ ϰ Ǿ ΰ Ÿ() δ 踦 ϸ鼭 б ؼ ߴ. Ÿ Ѵٰ ϸ鼭 ᱹ ̱ ϰ µ ȸ ϴ İ Ҵ. ϰ Ŀ ǰϰ Ǿµ ΰ ְ Ÿ. Ÿ ū ̾.
http://blog.naver.com/lwb22028/50173482401 |
IP Address : 121.131.174.162
|